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Loan sources

Credit cards are a convenient way to manage your regular expenses, but what if you need more money for a one-time expense? If you want to make a purchase that requires more money than you have in your bank account or can charge on a credit card, it might be time to apply for a loan. For instance, loans might help you buy a car, buy a home, pay for college tuition or start a small business.

If a loan seems to you like a much bigger commitment than a credit card, you're right — it's usually a bigger responsibility because it involves more money. If you take a loan you're using credit, but instead of borrowing a different amount each time you use the card, you borrow a specific amount up front, called the principal. You pay back that amount over time, along with interest. But you can't make just a minimum payment, the way you can with a credit card. You'll receive a bill each month for the amount of your payment — which may be fixed or variable depending on the loan you selected and the way that the interest payment is calculated — and you have to send in the full monthly payment.

If you need a loan you have many sources to choose from. That's good news, since shopping around might help you find a better deal. Furthermore, thanks to an increasingly competitive marketplace, many financial institutions are offering products and services that weren't traditionally part of their businesses. The following general guidelines can help you get a sense of what your choices are, but the actual products a lender offers may vary, so you should research a wide variety of options.

Type of lender

Pros

Cons

Retail or traditional banks

  • Widely available
  • May offer better rates for existing customers
  • You need to have a good credit rating
  • Might not offer the lowest rates possible

Savings & loans

  • Might offer lower rates than traditional banks
  • You need to have a good credit rating
  • Might not exist in some states

Savings banks

  • Might offer lower rates than traditional banks
  • You need to have a good credit rating
  • Might not exist in some states

Credit unions

  • Can be easy to establish if you're a member
  • Need to be a member of the organization or group

Consumer finance companies

  • May not need an unblemished credit history
  • Rates may be higher due to the additional risk the lender may face

Sales financing companies

  • Can be easy to apply for a loan
  • May offer favorable terms during promotional periods
  • Rates may be higher due to the additional risk the lender may face
  • If you default on the loan, you may lose the item you purchased as well as payments you've made

Small loan companies

  • Can be easy to apply for a loan
  • May not need good credit rating
  • Often offers higher rates
  • May require you to have a cosigner

Insurance companies

  • May be able to borrow up to 95% of the cash value of a policy
  • Must own the policy
  • Reduces benefit to survivors

Brokerage firms

  • Can be easy to apply for a loan
  • Might offer low rates and flexible repayment
  • If value of investments changes, might need to pay more
  • Margin requirements may change